| Our water cycle was defined over 400 years ago as | | | | from passing comets. |
| a "closed system" - with the water we find on Earth | | | | As Earth's atmosphere gains water from space, it |
| today being the same water recycled for billions of | | | | also loses water into space. According to research |
| years. This definition of our hydrologic cycle has been | | | | published by Professor George Lenz, of Sweet Briar |
| taught in schools for hundreds of years. | | | | College, "We can estimate the rate at which water is |
| However, based on new research - we may redefine | | | | being lost [to outer space] today by estimating the |
| our water cycle as being an "open system" that | | | | rate at which water molecules in our upper |
| connects Earth's water with the water of our Earth's | | | | atmosphere are dissociated into their constituent |
| molten core as well as with our surrounding universe. | | | | hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is light enough |
| The Oceanic Cycle | | | | that it easily moves off into outer space. The net |
| Recently, Dr. Robert Ballard, of the Institute for | | | | effect of hydrogen loss decreases the amount of |
| Exploration, has conducted research to better | | | | water vapor in the atmosphere. We have estimated |
| understand how oceanic water circulates. His research | | | | that approximately 5 x 10(11) grams are lost this way |
| informs us that water in our oceans circulates in a | | | | each year." |
| fashion somewhat similar to that of our continental | | | | Redefining Our Hydrologic Cycle |
| plates. When continental plates collide, one plate will | | | | The old "closed cycle" definition of Earth's hydrologic |
| slide beneath the other. This forces one plate to | | | | cycle was expressed somewhat as follows: |
| increase its elevation while the other is forced down | | | | "Water continuously evaporates as water vapor |
| toward the center of Earth's molten core. Eventually, | | | | from earth's ocean and other sources into our |
| new land will emerge through molten vents beneath | | | | atmosphere; this water vapor cools and then falls as |
| our ocean or on land. | | | | atmospheric moisture back into our Earth's surface |
| In similar fashion, a portion of our oceanic water is | | | | waters and land; rain that falls onto land may be |
| constantly forced by pressure and pulled by gravity | | | | stored for a time in terrestrial life, wetlands, and |
| toward the center of Earth's core. Eventually, this | | | | underground aquifers." |
| water emerges as superheated steam through | | | | When we combine Dr. Robert Ballard's oceanic water |
| oceanic vents or vents on land. According to Dr. | | | | cycle with Earth's biosphere's atmospheric cycle and |
| Ballard, all the water in our Earth's ocean is recycled in | | | | the loss of atmospheric water into outer space - we |
| this fashion every 6 to 8 million years, and that this | | | | have a basis for redefining Earth's hydrologic cycle. |
| process is instrumental in the ongoing support of life. | | | | In view of synthesizing this new information, we may |
| The Cosmic Cycle | | | | redefine our Earth's hydrologic cycle as being an |
| Clumps of ice formed by interstellar water have been | | | | "open cycle" that interacts with the universe. With |
| documented as entering Earth's atmosphere. This | | | | greater accuracy we may now venture to redefine |
| phenomenon was noted by Dr. Louis A. Frank in the | | | | Earth's hydrologic cycle as: |
| 1970s. However, Frank's theory relative to the size | | | | "Earth's hydrologic cycle is composed of three |
| and quantity of meteors depositing water into Earth's | | | | 'interactive' water cycles - the cycle of our Earth's |
| atmosphere has since been revised. This revised | | | | surface water with its molten core, the cycle of our |
| theory reflects that a small quantity of cosmic water | | | | Earth's surface and atmospheric water with our sun, |
| is finding its way into Earth's atmosphere from | | | | and the cycle of our Earth's atmospheric water with |
| meteors, meteorites, and the from water vapor | | | | the water of our universe. |