Municipal Water Treatment and Filtration of Surface Water

>pollutants. Municipal water treatment plants were built
In America, there have been different types ofto take care of the problem of filtering the water
filtration with varying amounts of success dating backand making it clean again.
since 1892. Today, we have sophisticated methodsDifferent types of filtration have been tried with
of filtering surface water that allow us to be freevarying amounts of success. Back in 1892, there
from parasites and other harmful organizms thatwere only 27 American cities that provided
could threaten our health and well being.wastewater treatment for their citizens. Now we
In the early days of its existence, no one had tohave over 16,000 water treatment facilities spread
worry about treating America’s wastewater.throughout the country. Water filtration starts when
Left to nature, the purification process took placewastewater enters the treatment plant where it
slowly but surely. However, now that the populationpasses through screens of varying densities. Some
has grown by leaps and bounds and morescreens with holes about ½” square remove
contaminants are ending up in the water supply,large debris from the water, while screens with finer
steps need to be taken in order to speed upmesh remove even very small particulates.
nature’s cleaning process. The Clean WaterIon-exchange resins are often used in the water
Act of 1972 was designed to provide a basis forpurification process. These are made up of insoluble
maintaining the country’s most valuablebeads with a surface covered with highly-structured
resource, clean water.pores where ions are easily trapped and released.
Up until the mid 1900s, the nation’sIon-exchange resins are used successfully to remove
waterways in urban areas were filled with pollutants,poisons and heavy metals from water. Sometimes
but no one was overly concerned about it. Now,the resins are mixed with an activated-charcoal filter
however, we not only realize that clean drinkingin order to remove organic contaminants from water.
water is a precious commodity but also that cleanThe filtration methods used by municipal water
water is imperative to maintaining the ecosystems oftreatment plants are complex. After all, wastewater
our world and critical in maintaining national health.can be filled with microorganisms or pathogens that
Cities, then, have became responsible for taking thecause human diseases.  Therefore, the methods
steps necessary to treat the wastewater generatedused to clean the water are all important in the lives
in their community and ridding it of dangerousof everyone.