| Supply provided by water catchment areas | | | | held its 6-day World Congress in Singapore. About six |
| Singapore's first reservoir is MacRitchie reservoir, | | | | hundred experts and delegates attended the |
| which was built by the British in 1867. Subsequently, | | | | congress to discuss about desalination and water |
| as Singapore developed into a modern city over the | | | | reuse. Several experts suggested that Singapore |
| years, more sources of water were needed to | | | | could become the world's water hub for water |
| sustain the city growth. Thus two local reservoirs | | | | recycling and desalination technology and could export |
| were added to the rapidly modernising colonial city. | | | | this technology to the world including China. Dr |
| After independence, the Public Utilities Board took | | | | Masaru Kurihara, director of IDA, said that with the |
| over the control of basic supplies including water. | | | | new technology in water reclamation, waste water |
| From then on, there have been many developments | | | | would become the most important sustainable water |
| and improvements to increase the water supply for | | | | resource in the future. |
| Singapore. | | | | Conservation |
| The 1960s and 1970s saw great development for | | | | There has also been campaigns to urge people to |
| Singapore. In order to maintain that, many big water | | | | conserve water, aiming to reduce consumption from |
| projects were embarked upon to increase the water | | | | 161 litres per day per person to 155 litres and |
| supply. Examples of these projects included the | | | | suggested methods include spending one minute less |
| Kranji-Pandan Scheme, the Upper Pierce Project and | | | | in the shower.[citation needed]Using the sources of |
| the Western Catchment Water Scheme. | | | | MEWR. |
| Modern Singapore sources her water from a network | | | | See also |
| of reservoirs and water catchment areas. By 2001, | | | | Water supply in Hong Kong |
| there were 19 raw water reservoirs, 9 treatment | | | | References |
| works and 14 storage or service reservoirs locally to | | | | ^ "Key step to water adequacy". Straits Times. |
| serve domestic needs. | | | | Retrieved 2009-06-24. |
| A barrage has been constructed around the estuary | | | | ^ Public Utilities Board (15 March 2007). "Singapore's |
| of three Singapore rivers, creating a huge freshwater | | | | fourth NEWater plant opens". Press release. |
| reservoir, the Marina Bay reservoir. When inaugurated | | | | ^ "2008 PUB Annual Report". Public Utilities Board. |
| at the end of October, 2008, it increased the rainfall | | | | Retrieved 25 June 2009. |
| catchment to two-thirds of the country's surface | | | | ^ Dominique Loh. "PM Lee opens Asia's largest water |
| area from one half. | | | | desalination plant in Tuas". Channel NewsAsia. |
| Two more reservoirs, the Punggol reservoir and | | | | ^ Johnson Choo. "Singapore hosts international forum |
| Serangoon resevoir, are being constructed at the | | | | on desalination technology". Channel NewsAsia. |
| moment. | | | | ^ Dominique Loh. "Water experts say Singapore can |
| Imported water supply | | | | become world's water hub". Channel NewsAsia. |
| For decades, Singapore has relied on importation | | | | Further reading |
| from Malaysia to supply half of the water | | | | Singapore opens first desalination plant in Tuas - |
| consumption in Singapore. As of 2009, imported | | | | Channel NewsAsia (13 September, 2005) |
| water had been reduced to 40% of total | | | | Singapore to open first desalination plant in bid for |
| consumption. However the two water agreements | | | | water self-sufficiency - Canadian Press (13 |
| that supply Singapore this water are due to expire | | | | September, 2005) |
| by 2011 and 2061 respectively and the two countries | | | | Water trade and Pedra Branca |
| are engaged in a dispute regarding the price of | | | | BBC News: Malaysia raises water stakesv d e |
| water. Without a current resolution, the government | | | | Water resources of Asia |
| of Singapore decided to increase self-sufficiency in its | | | | Sovereignstates |
| water supply. | | | | Afghanistan Armenia1 Azerbaijan1 Bahrain |
| Recycled Water | | | | Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Burma2 Cambodia |
| Main article: NEWater | | | | People's Republic of China Cyprus1 East Timor3 |
| Bottles of NEWater for distribution during the National | | | | Egypt4 Georgia4 India Indonesia Iran Iraq |
| Day Parade celebrations of 2005 at Marina South | | | | Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan4 North Korea |
| NEWater is the brand name given to reclaimed water | | | | South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos |
| produced by Singapore's public utilities. More | | | | Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Nepal |
| specifically, it is treated wastewater (sewage) that | | | | Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia4 Saudi |
| has been purified using dual-membrane (via | | | | Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan |
| microfiltration and reverse osmosis) and ultraviolet | | | | Republic of China5 Thailand Turkey4 |
| technologies, in addition to conventional water | | | | Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan |
| treatment processes. | | | | Vietnam Yemen |
| There are four NEWater factories, located at the | | | | States with limitedrecognition |
| Bedok, Kranji, and Seletar, and Ulu Pandan Water | | | | Abkhazia1 Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus |
| Reclamation Plants, producing about 32 million US | | | | Palestine South Ossetia1 |
| gallons per day (1.4 m/s). These four NEWater plants | | | | Dependencies,autonomies,other territories |
| can meet 15 % of Singapore's water needs. | | | | Aceh Adjara1 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Altai British |
| Some of the NEWater is used at wafer fabrication | | | | Indian Ocean Territory Buryatia Christmas Island |
| plants and other non-potable applications in industries. | | | | Cocos (Keeling) Islands Guangxi Hong Kong Inner |
| The rest is fed into nearby reservoirs. | | | | Mongolia Iraqi Kurdistan Khakassia Macau |
| When the fifth NEWater plant opens at Changi in | | | | Nakhchivan Ningxia Papua Sakha Republic |
| 2010 with a capacity of 50 million gallons per day, | | | | Tibet Tuva West Papua Xinjiang |
| NEWater will be able to meet 30% of Singapore's | | | | 1 Sometimes included in Europe, depending on the |
| water requirements through recycling. | | | | border definitions. 2 Officially known as Myanmar. |
| Desalination | | | | 3 Sometimes included in Oceania, and also known as |
| On 13 September 2005, the country opened its first | | | | Timor-Leste. 4 Transcontinental country. 5 |
| desalination plant by SingSpring. SingSpring is | | | | Commonly known as Taiwan. |
| majority-owned by CitySpring Infrastructure Trust | | | | Categories: Conservation in Singapore |
| (CitySpring). The plant, located at Tuas, can produce | | | | Health in Singapore |
| 30 million gallons of water (136,380 m) each day. | | | | Water resources by country |
| Worth S$200 million, it is one of the biggest in the | | | | Water supply and sanitation in SingaporeHidden |
| world and meets 10 percent of the country's water | | | | categories: All pages needing factual verification |
| needs. The plant also produces bottled water called | | | | Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from |
| the Desal H2O. | | | | December 2008 |
| At the desalination plant, sea water is forced through | | | | All articles with unsourced statements |
| plastic membranes with microscopic pores to extract | | | | Articles with unsourced statements from August |
| dissolved salts. Silt is removed by dousing the | | | | 2007 |
| seawater with chemicals that coagulate the particles. | | | | I am China Toys Suppliers writer, reports some |
| Coinciding with the official opening of the desalination | | | | information about square tubing connectors , slip on |
| plant, the International Desalination Association (IDA) | | | | recoil pad. |